01.07.2026

Statement I:

In India's fiscal federal framework, States undertake a larger share of public expenditure than their share in revenue-raising powers, making fiscal deficits a structural feature rather than necessarily an indicator of fiscal mismanagement.

Statement II:

Even States with relatively strong own-tax revenue mobilisation may continue to rely on market borrowings if transfers from the Union are insufficient to match their expenditure responsibilities.

Statement III:

Since States cannot independently create money or freely determine their borrowing limits, expanding capital expenditure generally requires either higher revenues, greater fiscal space, or additional borrowing within the prescribed framework.

Which of the following relationships among the above statements is/are correct?

1. Statement II empirically supports the structural argument made in Statement I.
2. Statement III complements Statement I by explaining why the fiscal imbalance often translates into higher State debt.
3. Statement III contradicts Statement II because States with strong own-tax revenues do not require market borrowings.

Options:

1. The Interoperable Criminal Justice System (ICJS) seeks to establish an integrated digital workflow connecting major criminal justice institutions to enable seamless movement of cases from investigation to trial.
2. The implementation of the new criminal laws has increased the importance of digital platforms, forensic integration, and electronic exchange of criminal justice records.

III. The effectiveness of ICJS depends not only on digital infrastructure but also on interoperability among institutions and uniform implementation across States.

Which of the following information/evidence support(s) the above statements?

1. ICJS integrates police, courts, prisons, forensic laboratories and prosecution on a common digital platform, while criminal justice data are stored on the Government of India's MeghRaj cloud infrastructure.
2. The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS) mandates electronic procedures such as e-records, e-summons and digital case management, while offences punishable with seven years or more require forensic examination of crime scenes.
3. NCRB data showing that only about 46% of FIRs are digitally transmitted to courts, along with connectivity gaps in some States, indicate that digital infrastructure alone is insufficient without institutional interoperability.
4. Since FIR registration under the Crime and Criminal Tracking and Network Systems (CCTNS) is available in multiple languages, all criminal cases are automatically transferred to courts and disposed of digitally without any procedural delays.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

1. Seychelles is located in the western Indian Ocean.
2. Morne Seychellois is the highest peak in Seychelles.
3. Aldabra Atoll is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Which of the statements given above are correct?