09.09.2026

1. It is a technology-enabled evolution of the traditional informal hawala system, involving the transfer of money or value through networks of intermediaries.
2. Digital hawala necessarily involves the direct movement of funds through conventional banking channels.
3. Stablecoins and other virtual assets may be used to settle balances between hawala operators.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1. The burden of antimicrobial resistance in hospitals is influenced not only by antibiotic use but also by healthcare-associated transmission and deficiencies in infection prevention and control.
2. Antimicrobial stewardship, by itself, is sufficient to contain the clinical impact of antimicrobial resistance, even when diagnostic and infection-control capacities remain weak.

Which of the following information supports/supports the above statement(s)?

1. More than 85 per cent of bloodstream infections in the ICMR study were healthcare-associated.
2. The ICMR study identified invasive devices, recent surgery, antibiotic pressure, healthcare-associated transmission, and gaps in infection prevention and diagnosis among factors associated with resistant infections.
3. Ceftazidime-avibactam was associated with better outcomes in some resistant E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae infections.

Select the answer using the code given below:

1. Barakuru was an important ancient maritime port located on the banks of the Sita River in present-day Karnataka.
2. The Alupa rulers made Barakuru their capital during the 10th–11th centuries CE.
3. Barakuru was exclusively a Hindu religious centre and has no evidence of Jain presence.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?