Daily Quiz – 30.06.2026

Statement I: Under the 1982 UNCLOS, ships and aircraft enjoy the right of transit passage through straits used for international navigation, and such passage shall neither be impeded nor suspended by the bordering States.

Statement II: Iran's decision to replace transit tolls with navigation and environmental protection charges raises questions because such charges may indirectly affect the uninterrupted exercise of transit passage guaranteed under UNCLOS.

Statement III: Since the Strait of Hormuz lies within the territorial seas of Iran and Oman, the coastal States possess unrestricted legal authority under international law to suspend passage of foreign commercial vessels whenever they consider it necessary.

Which of the following relationships among the above statements is/are correct?

1. Statement II empirically illustrates the legal principle embodied in Statement I by highlighting a contemporary dispute over its application.
2. Statement III logically follows from Statement I because transit passage is entirely subject to the discretion of coastal States.
3. Statement III represents an overbroad interpretation of coastal State powers and therefore conflicts with the legal regime underlying Statement I.

Options:

1. The policy seeks to reduce urban air pollution by targeting vehicle segments that contribute significantly to Delhi's transport-related emissions.
2. The policy adopts a technology-neutral approach by providing equal fiscal incentives to both pure electric vehicles and strong hybrid vehicles.

III. The policy combines regulatory restrictions with financial incentives and charging infrastructure expansion to accelerate electric mobility.

Which of the following information/evidence support(s) the above statements?

1. According to the Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM), vehicular emissions account for a significant share of Delhi's winter PM2.5 pollution, while two-wheelers constitute nearly two-thirds of the city's vehicle stock.
2. The policy mandates that no new petrol two-wheelers can be registered after March 2028, provides purchase and scrappage incentives for electric vehicles, and envisages establishing more than 30,000 public charging points.
3. The final policy withdrew the draft proposal of road tax and registration concessions for strong hybrid vehicles and instead retained benefits only for fully electric vehicles.
4. Since existing petrol and diesel two-wheelers are prohibited from operating after March 2028, the policy immediately eliminates tailpipe emissions from the two-wheeler segment.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

1. It implies that all persons, including the government, are subject to the law.
2. It permits arbitrary exercise of power by public authorities in exceptional circumstances.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?