02.07.2026

1. It replaces the earlier regulatory framework based primarily on licensing with an authorisation-based regime for telecom service providers.
2. It incorporates anti-spam obligations as part of the statutory framework governing telecom service providers.
3. It recognises satellite communication services within the legal framework, although the operational rules governing them are yet to be fully finalised.
4. It substantially reduces the regulatory and security-related powers of the Union Government over telecommunication services.

The above statements have been associated with which of the following?

1. Modernisation and consolidation of India's telecommunications regulatory framework
2. Liberalisation through deregulation of the telecom sector
3. Reduction in government oversight over communication infrastructure
4. Transition from a colonial-era legal framework to a contemporary telecom law

Select the answer using the code given below:

1. The India–Japan Annual Summit is held every year on an alternating host basis.
2. The India–Japan Act East Forum is a dedicated institutional mechanism for the development of India's North-East.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Statement I:The onset and strength of the Indian Summer Monsoon are influenced by the seasonal reversal of winds driven primarily by differential heating between the Indian landmass and the surrounding oceans.

Statement II:Recent studies indicate that warming of the Indian Ocean, particularly the Arabian Sea, has increased the frequency of extreme rainfall events over parts of India without necessarily leading to a proportionate increase in the seasonal monsoon rainfall.

Statement III:A stronger cross-equatorial flow alone is a sufficient condition to ensure a normal monsoon over the entire Indian subcontinent, irrespective of other ocean-atmosphere interactions.

Which of the following relationships among the above statements is/are correct?

1. Statement II empirically qualifies the mechanism explained in Statement I by showing that changes in ocean temperatures can alter rainfall characteristics even when the basic monsoon mechanism remains unchanged.
2. Statement III contradicts the broader understanding implicit in Statement I that the Indian Monsoon is controlled by multiple interacting climatic factors.
3. Statements I and III together establish that differential heating is the only determinant of the Indian Summer Monsoon.

Options: